Minimal group paradigm

The minimal group paradigm is a method employed in social psychology.^[1]^[2]^[3] Although it may be used for a variety of purposes, it is best known as a method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary distinctions between groups, such as preferences for certain paintings,^[4] or the color of their shirts,^[5] can trigger a tendency to favor one's own group at the expense of others, even when it means sacrificing in-group gain.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

^ Tajfel, H. (1970). "Experiments in intergroup discrimination (abstract)". Scientific American. 223 (5): 96–102. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96. JSTOR 24927662. PMID 5482577.
^ Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination = Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination.
^ Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination.
^ See "Kandinsky versus Klee experiment", Tajfel et al. (1971) in Tajfel, H. (1970).
^ Frank, M. G.; Gilovich, T. (January 1988). "The dark side of self and social perception: Black uniforms and aggression in professional sports". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54 (1): 74–85. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.554.8573. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.74. PMID 3346809.
^ Tajfel, H.; Billig, M. G.; Bundy, R. P. & Flament, C. (April–June 1971). "Social categorization and intergroup behaviour". European Journal of Social Psychology. 1 (2): 149–178. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010202.
^ Tajfel, H. (1974). Social Identity and Intergroup Behavior Archived 2012-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Sidanius, Jim; Haley, Hillary; Molina, Ludwin; Pratto, Felicia (April 2007). "Vladimir's choice and the distribution of social resources: A group dominance perspective" (PDF). Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 10 (2): 257–265. doi:10.1177/1368430207074732. S2CID 143850748.
^ Sidanius, Jim; Pratto, Felicia (2001) [1999]. Social Dominance. An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-521-80540-7. Vladimir's choice [is] based on a well-known Eastern European fable. Vladimir was a dreadfully impoverished peasant. One day God came to Vladimir and said, "Vladimir, I will grant you one wish; anything you wish shall be yours!" Naturally, Vladimir was very pleased at hearing this news. However, God added one caveat: "Vladimir, anything I grant you will be given to your neighbor twice over." After hearing this, Vladimir stood in silence for a long time, and then said, "OK, God, take out one of my eyes.

[1] Tajfel, H. (1970). "Experiments in intergroup discrimination (abstract)". Scientific American. 223 (5): 96–102. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1170-96. JSTOR 24927662. PMID 5482577.

[2] Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination = Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination.

[3] Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination.

[4] See "Kandinsky versus Klee experiment", Tajfel et al. (1971) in Tajfel, H. (1970).

[5] Frank, M. G.; Gilovich, T. (January 1988). "The dark side of self and social perception: Black uniforms and aggression in professional sports". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54 (1): 74–85. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.554.8573. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.74. PMID 3346809.

[Tajfel_et_al._(1971)-6] Tajfel, H.; Billig, M. G.; Bundy, R. P. & Flament, C. (April–June 1971). "Social categorization and intergroup behaviour". European Journal of Social Psychology. 1 (2): 149–178. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010202.

[Tajfel_(1974)-7] Tajfel, H. (1974). Social Identity and Intergroup Behavior Archived 2012-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.

[Vlad-8] Sidanius, Jim; Haley, Hillary; Molina, Ludwin; Pratto, Felicia (April 2007). "Vladimir's choice and the distribution of social resources: A group dominance perspective" (PDF). Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 10 (2): 257–265. doi:10.1177/1368430207074732. S2CID 143850748.

[9] Sidanius, Jim; Pratto, Felicia (2001) [1999]. Social Dominance. An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-521-80540-7. Vladimir's choice [is] based on a well-known Eastern European fable. Vladimir was a dreadfully impoverished peasant. One day God came to Vladimir and said, "Vladimir, I will grant you one wish; anything you wish shall be yours!" Naturally, Vladimir was very pleased at hearing this news. However, God added one caveat: "Vladimir, anything I grant you will be given to your neighbor twice over." After hearing this, Vladimir stood in silence for a long time, and then said, "OK, God, take out one of my eyes.

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